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Analysis of approaches to emergency zones determining
Kusova, Yana ; Tabas, Marek (referee) ; Kotek, Luboš (advisor)
The current thesis aims to analyze the approaches to the definition of emergency zones in Russia and the Czech Republic. The main goal is to conduct a literature search on this issue and describe different approaches to emergency zones. The practical part includes an assessment of the definition of emergency zones in the case of hazardous chemicals leakage, which is most often the cause of industrial accidents.
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The readiness of chosen kindergartens in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant
HÁJKOVÁ, Lucie
The thesis is based on the assessment of the readiness of staff in selected kindergartens in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. Kindergartens associate a large number of young children who are dependent on the help of adults. Even in the event of a radiation accident, children will not be able to take care of themselves and will clearly be dependent on the help of teachers. For this reason the readiness of staff of this type of school facility in the emergency planning zone should not be underestimated. The aim of the thesis was to analyze the knowledge of staff in selected kindergartens (Dříteň, Zliv, Albrechtice nad Vltavou, Neznašov) in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. For this purpose was established a hypothesis: "The knowledge of the staff of selected kindergartens in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant will be higher than 60 %." To achieve the set goal and to verify the hypothesis a questionnaire survey was conducted using a developed questionnaire. The questionnaire contained 19 questions, and total 55 respondents took part in the questionnaire. Then were the results evaluated using methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The hypothesis was confirmed that the knowledge of the staff of selected kindergartens is higher than 60 %. The arithmetic average of staff knowledge in selected kindergartens in the emergency planning zone of the Temelín Nuclear Power Plant was 61.47 %. I consider the current state of knowledge of staff in selected kindergartens to be sufficient, but the results showed insufficient knowledge in the areas of improvised body protection and iodine prophylaxis.
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Strategy of population reallocation after radioactive accident in the Czech Republic, problematics of evacuation, basis, intention, resources, responsibilities
BINKOVÁ, Kristýna
This thesis deals with the issue of evacuation and relocation of the population after a radiation accident in the Czech Republic and it also puts a name to key issues that may occur for a citizen living in the emergency zone. The dissertation is divided into two parts, first of which is theoretical and second is practical. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis is fractionated into several chapters and subchapters. Thesis deals with actual legislation of radiation protection and nuclear safety. Nuclear power plants located in the Czech Republic are also presented here. Furthermore, this section explains the basic terms such as radiation extraordinary mishap, radiation incident and phases of radiation accident which helps perceive the matter of the topic. The theoretical part mentions radiation incidents and accidents that occurred in the world. The thesis describes course of actions for managing radiation emergencies. It also explicates terms such as emergency planning, internal and external emergency plan and national radiation emergency plan. Thesis gives insight into the radiation accidents from the past. The theoretical part also concerns about the Dukovany nuclear power plant. And it analyzes what is the emergency planning zone, emergency plans, emergency staff and the most important procedures during a radiation accident. Warning and informing the population together with evacuation and possible additional relocation are explained. The part of this work are also experiences that we gained from the radiation accident at nuclear power plant in Fukushima. In the practical part, research was done with use of questionnaire method. The questionnaire was created for residents living in the vicinity to emergency planning zone of Dukovany nuclear power plant. The goal was to find out what key questions and problems may arise during the evacuation of those citizens. The survey was elaborated into graphs and collected pieces of information were interpreted and closely described in the discussion.
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Evacuation of the population in the event of an emergency associated with leakage of dangerous chemicals in the territory of the selected city
WINTEROVÁ, Sabina
The bachelor thesis entitled "Evacuation of the population in the event of emergencies associated with leakage of dangerous chemicals in the territory of the selected city" is composed of theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part acquaints readers with the basic concepts, with the concept of evacuation, means of individual and improvised protection or applicable legislation related to the topic. An integral part of the theoretical part is a brief introduction of the city of Sokolov, which is located chemical plant Synthomer a.s., which is the subject of this work. You will also find a list of chemicals that work here. In the empirical part, you will find research that aimed to find out whether residents are familiar with the company's external emergency plan.
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The principles of family readiness for evacuation from EPZ of nuclear power plant
MENČÍKOVÁ, Lucie
This thesis examines the level of knowledge of families living in the emergency plan-ning zone of Nuclear power plant Temelín. It focuses mainly on the knowledge of eva-cuation baggage contents, evacuation routes, organs that organize this measure and other important information, which are found in particular in the Manual for the pro-tection of population in the radiation accident of the Nuclear power plant Temelín. The theoretical part is based on the analysis of current problematics. The first part is focused on the principle of the operation of the nuclear power plant and its security, which is emphasized. Further it deals with the topic of radiological emergency and consequently the effect of ionizing radiation on the organism. The next chapter is devoted to the issue of issue of protective measures that could be announced during the radiation accident of the nuclear power plant. In the last section of the theoretical part, the work focuses on the topic of emergency plans, as these are necessary to establish rules that would require the authorities and residents to follow if necessary. In connection with these topics, the legal framework dealing with the issue is mentioned. The practical part verifies the level of awareness of families living in the emergency planning zone of a nuclear power plant on how to proceed with the evacuation. For this purpose, a quantitative questionnaire survey was used and a hypothesis was established claiming that at least 50% of the respondents did not have sufficient knowledge of how to proceed during the evacuation from EPZ of nuclear power plant. The methodology for statistical processing was set out. After evaluating the obtained data, the answers to individual questions were compiled graphically. Furthermore, the thesis deals in detail with individual questions. The established hypothesis is confirmed by evaluating the results using descriptive statistics methods. In the discussion, the questions that have been identified and the findings are discussed. Furthermore, there are suggested ways to improve population awareness of the issue,
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Means and Decontamination of People and Technique in Area of Emergency Planning
NIMANSKÝ, Jiří
There are two nuclear power plants in the Czech Republic for which measures to protect the population are proposed in the case of a radiation accident. This diploma thesis deals with one of them by decontamination of persons and techniques in the emergency planning zone. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis focuses mainly on knowledge and concepts in the field of ionizing radiation, radiation protection and emergency planning. The main objective was to analyze, compare and evaluate the existing and newly introduced decontamination means of persons and equipment of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic and the Army of the Czech Republic. For this purpose, eight decontamination devices have been selected for use in a radiation accident. One of the partial objectives is also to compare the decontamination methods and procedures of both components. The quantitative processing of the parameters studied was used to compare, and a multi-criteria decision-making method was used to obtain the results, using the scoring method. In order to obtain data and information, searches of available publications, methodological sheets and instructions for decontamination equipment were carried out. All information has been consulted with chemical experts from the Fire Brigade of the Czech Republic and chemical units of the Army of the Czech Republic. The results of the comparison showed that the decontamination facilities of the members of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic are more suitable for use in the radiation accident. Their main advantages are a more effective solution for wound decontamination and a system for capturing and collecting contaminated water. However, the Army of the Czech Republic would be able to do the same work after the partial modifications. The decontamination equipment for solving the radiation accident is constantly being refined. An example is the Portable Frame Gamma Detector. This allows you to speed up the decontamination process and saves the forces and resources deployed to deal with an emergency.
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Analysis of approaches to emergency zones determining
Kusova, Yana ; Tabas, Marek (referee) ; Kotek, Luboš (advisor)
The current thesis aims to analyze the approaches to the definition of emergency zones in Russia and the Czech Republic. The main goal is to conduct a literature search on this issue and describe different approaches to emergency zones. The practical part includes an assessment of the definition of emergency zones in the case of hazardous chemicals leakage, which is most often the cause of industrial accidents.
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Research between students of selected high schools inside and outside the emergency planning zone of the Dukovany nuclear power plant in field of population protection
KOLÁŘOVÁ, Helena
Spectrum of threat types and their combination is very extensive. The essence remained for chiliads unchanged, but during the development of mankind some patterns extinct or changed their shape, other reappear. Efficient managing of emergency situations requires beside this competent specialists, organizations, systems and legislative regulations and also ready and well-informed population. Principal part of knowledge and skills in the field of inhabitants protection and behavior in the emergency situation acquire the kids on the primary and secondary level of education. This object is included in the education on the primary and secondary schools according to Instruction of Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport about the integration of the subject of protection of man in a emergency situation into the education program, r. n. 13 586/03-22, and the related appendix to the educational documents "Protection of man in emergency situations", r. n. 13 586/03-22 of the 4. march 2003. Education proceeds to the extent of at least 6 lessons in every class, most often cross-sectional within the selected school subjects. Very important role in the education of inhabitants plays Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic. This master thesis focuses as one of its main goals on the inquiry of the knowledge and opinions of the selected age group of 15 to 20 years old related to the behavior in the emergency situation and to the knowledge of the integrated rescue system. Another goal was to find out, if the results of the inquiry are influenced by the fact, that the school and permanent home of the student is situated within or outside the emergency planning zone of the Dukovany nuclear power plant (EPZ Dukovany NPP). The theoretical part focuses mainly on the development of the education of children and youth in the field of protection of population after 1991 and on the contemporary system of education in the field of protection of man in emergency accident on professional and grammar schools. In the experimental part of the thesis two hypothesis were set. According to H1 should at least 75 % of the students correctly answer more than half of the questions. H2 was divided into two partial hypothesis, whereas it was supposed, that between the informedness of the students of grammar schools resident and studying within EPZ Dukovany NPP or outside EPZ Dukovany NPP and the students of the professional schools resident or studying in EPZ Dukovany NPP and outside EPZ Dukovany NPP these is no statistically significant difference. Presented data were acquired on the chosen schools within and outside the EPZ Dukovany NPP in the form of questionnaire survey. Questionnaire was set together from four questions of qualitative nature and 16 questions of quantitative nature. On the grounds of the measure data it was necessary to reject the hypothesis H1, since only 21,5 % of the students answered correctly more than a half of the answers. The average achievement in the questionnaire was 41,3 % of correct answers. In the testing of parametric hypothesis was by means of comparison of the selective statistical sets proved, that the informedness of the students of both types of secondary schools is on the same level and further that there is no significant statistical difference between the informedness of grammar school students living in and outside the EPZ Dukovany NPP. The hypothesis H2 was thereafter confirmed. The results imply, that the informedness of students in the field of the protection of population is insufficient. As a suitable solution of this problem appears the education of these topic within a separate subject focused on the protection of man.
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Comparison of inhabitants readiness from emergency planning zones Nuclear power plant Dukovany (Czech Republic) and Jaslovské Bohunice (Slovakia) in the area of population protection including influence of population differentiation
KOLÁŘ, Jiří
Superior readiness of the inhabitants for the emergency situation caused by radiation accident is a very important condition for managing these situations, further for trouble-free adoption of measures related to the protection of life and health for each individual. Persons should be conscious of the hazard of emergency situations and within oneself be prepared to help themselves and each other. The objective of this master thesis is to examine the readiness of the inhabitants of the emergency planning zones of the Nuclear power plants in Czech Republic (Dukovany NPP) and in Slovakia (Jaslovské Bohunice NPP) to the emergency situation and to assess, if the readiness in both countries differs. The Nuclear power plants in Dukovany and in Jaslovské Bohunice were chosen for the particular reason, that both facilities were constructed and put into operation at the time of existence of the common state of Czech and Slovaks. The starting point is a working thesis that the readiness of the inhabitants for managing the emergency situation in the planning zones of the Nuclear power plants in Czech Republic and in Slovakia was on the same level. Considering the population differentiation, I analysed separately the answers of respondents in the age group of the 4165 year old. Theoretical part of my thesis initially focuses on the historical development of Nuclear power plants on the territory of the former Czechoslovakia and deals with the advantages and disadvantages of the production of electricity in a fission reaction. The other part deals with safety and operational security of the Nuclear power plants. Here is mentioned the International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale, including the examples of nuclear facilities accidents. At the conclusion of the theoretical part is a survey of legislative regulations concerning the nuclear safety and protection of the population in both countries and a survey of measures concerning protection of the population in the event of radiation accident. The experimental part of my thesis started in form of questionnaire inquiry by the inhabitants of both emergence planning zones. Half of the 16 questions in total is analysed by the means of descriptive and mathematical statistics, the answers to the other questions refer to behavior, informedness, readiness and differing needs of individuals in case of emergency shelter in place or evacuation from the actual occurrence of radiation accident. The hypothesis was verified by applying the two-selective parametric testing. By means of the t-test it could be proved, that there is no statistically significant difference between the inhabitants readiness in the both emergence planning zones. The hypothesis was therefore accepted. By applying the chi-square test it was elicited, that the empirical distribution of both selective statistical sets can by replaced by a normal distribution, both empirical curves can by therefore replaced by a Gauss curve. This partial research focuses on the age group of the 41-65 year old. Also in this case could be proved by means of chi-square test the normality of both statistical sets. Also the application of two-selective parametric testing approved, that the readiness of the population of the age group under investigation do not vary in the both zones. The particular answers were recorded graphically and in the following discussion were commented the differences and specifics with regard to the differing knowledge, behavior and specific requirements of the people in case of evacuation. In context of the results measured in the particular zones of accident planning it could be useful to consider, if in place of the normal distribution of readiness not another for example the Poisson distribution - would be more suitable, that could possibly testify better readiness for emergency accidents. Very important role plays enlightenment and education in such form that will arouse interest in the given problems in the population.
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The statistical investigation of selected tasks in protection of the population in emergency planning zones of nuclear power plants
HAJÍČKOVÁ, Iva
The thesis deals with statistical investigation of selected tasks in population protection in emergency planning zones of nuclear power plants.The issues of population protection have been developing since 1930s up to now.Currently,the population protection is addressed particularly in concepts of population protection,while the most recent one is the Population Protection Concept until 2020 with an Outlook to 2030.The objective of the thesis was to compare awareness of the population in emergency planning zones of nuclear power plants.With regard to a potential extraordinary event,in this case a radiation accident,the awareness of the population plays a significant role.The theoretical part of the thesis analyzes population protection,legal regulations and documents dealing with this topic.It also defines measures in population protection which seek to mitigate impact of extraordinary events or emergency situations on health and lives of the population,property and the environment.The thesis also mentions emergency planning and describes types of emergency plans.The second section of the theoretical part describes selected statistical methods.The last chapter of the theoretical part describes methods of multidimensional statistics.The following hypotheses and partial hypotheses were formulated in the research part of the thesis to meet its objective: H1 There is no statistically significant difference between the emergency planning zone of the nuclear power plant Temelín and the emergency planning zone of the nuclear power plant Dukovany.H11 There is no statistically significant difference in awareness among men about a potential extraordinary event at NPP Temelín and NPP Dukovany.H12 There is no statistically significant difference in awareness among women about a potential extraordinary event at NPP Temelín and NPP Dukovany. H2 The awareness of the population in emergency planning zones of both the nuclear power plants has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H21 The awareness of the population (men) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Temelín has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H22 The awareness of the population (women) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Temelín has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H23 The awareness of the population (men) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Dukovany has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.H24 The awareness of the population (women) in the emergency planning zone of NPP Dukovany has a theoretical distribution which is close to the normal distribution.All the formulated hypotheses were tested with methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The research was conducted with questionnaires handed out in the emergency planning zones of NPP Temelín and NPP Dukovany.The questionnaire consisted of 23 questions and it was filled out by 242 men and 270 women in the zones.All data used in the research were provided to me within the project "Population protection depending of differentiation of the population" safety survey (VG20132015122) performed at the department of radiology,toxicology and population protection at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice in cooperation with the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic.Results of the research have shown that the average awareness of the population living in the emergency planning zones of the nuclear power plants is less than 50% and that the knowledge of the population about a potential extraordinary event is not satisfactory.The population living in emergency planning zones of both the nuclear power plants could be exceptionally prepared for a potential non-standard situation, not only in the form of a Gauss curve.
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